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Millstone Bluff is located on IL State
Rt. 147 north east of the little village of Robbs. A scenic walkway
and the wooden stairways make hiking to the top much easier than
the trails used by the Indians and our forefathers. Information
tables are filled with historical facts and strategically placed
along the winding trail atop the bluff. It is an easy hike to
take the next time that you are exploring the Shawnee National
Forest.
The following is copied from an information sheet written by the
USDA Forest Service and distributed at Shawnee National Forest
Headquarters, Harrisburg, IL.
Millstone Bluff
"Millstone Bluff is the site of an undisturbed prehistoric
Mississippian village, stonebox cemetery, and rock art site. The
Bluff is itself is a unique topographical feature rising 320 feet
above the surrounding comparatively flat terrain. It appears as
an "island" amidst the hills. Bay Creek, a major tributary
of the Ohio River, is located west and north of the bluff. It
was so named because early settlers in the area carved milling
stones along the base of the northwestern edge of the bluff. These
hand-carved millstones were used to mill local farmer's grains
into flour.
Millstone Bluff is surrounded by a massive sandstone escarpment.
Large sandstone boulders lying at irregular angles are scattered
along the steep slopes.
Although the human occupation at Millstone Bluff extends from
A.D. 500 to A.D. 1500, the majority of the artifacts recovered
from the site are Mississippian (A.D. 900-1500). The village consists
of approximately 24 house depressions loosely clustered around
a central plaza. These are the remains of rectangular, semi-subterranean
mud and stick, thatched houses. When the rectangular houses is
abandoned or burned, the square basement-like hole fills into
a rounded, basin-like depression. There were probably two to six
individuals per household living at Millstone Bluff, including
parents, children, and perhaps grandparents.
The village cemetery is located nearby. It contains approximately
20 coffin-like stone boxes. The prehistoric people of Millstone
Bluff buried many of their dead in rectangular graves lined with
large, thin limestone slabs to form a box. Past looting and vandalism
have destroyed the great majority of the graves. Prehistoric burials
are primary targets for "pothunters" in the eastern
United States because of the likelihood of recovering valuable
stone tools and whole pottery vessels within the grave. Numerous
depressions resulting from looting and vandalism activities are
visible.
The rock art or petroglyphs present at Millstone Bluff were almost
certainly carved by Mississippian Indians. The figures depicted
are similar to other Mississippian motifs found on pottery, carved
stone figurines and engraved copper plates. The figures are actually
"pecked" into the stone, and not "carved"--they
are formed by the repeated battering or hammering of a small "hammerstone"
onto the flat rock surface. It is unknown exactly what tile figures
represent but they are similar to mythic creatures found in Cherokee
legends and stories. For example, the spider depicts the water-strider
spider that brought fire from an island to the Cherokee on the
mainland when other beasts such as the bear and raven could not
for fear of being burned.
Millstone Bluff is a very special place. Nowhere else in southern
Illinois have the former Native American occupants left such diverse
evidence of southern Illinois's rich prehistoric past. Please
help us protect our nation's prehistoric past and fragile archaeological
resources by walking softly in the footsteps of the Mississippian
villagers. Remember these resources belong to all of us."
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